Research Progress of Active Cooling Thermal Coupling Technology for Aerospace Cryogenic Propellant Tanks

The spacecraft propulsion system puts forward an urgent need for cryogenic propellants with high density, low pressure storage and on-orbit reusable tanks. The active cooling and efficient thermal coupling technology of cryogenic tanks has become the main factor affecting the on-orbit application of cryogenic propellants. The main technical difficulties of cryogenic tank are summarized, and the key technologies of cryogenic tank development are analyzed. By studying the technical progress and technical level of research institutions at home and abroad, the thermal coupling technology of active refrigeration system is classified and sorted out. Mainly through the three aspects of static heat conduction coupling technology of active coupling system, active coupling and liquid mixing combination technology, and active cooling screen technology, the advanced technology progress of current foreign technology leaders is described, and the characteristics and applicability of related technologies are explained. Finally, based on the actual demand of China's spacecraft for cryogenic propellant storage and supply technology, the technical development ideas are put forward.