Abstract: The axial steady-state magnetic field is an indispensable component of electromagnetic thrusters in field reversal configuration. The characteristics and strength of the magnetic field distribution are directly correlated with the overall efficiency and performance of the thruster. In light of the shortcomings in efficiency and performance observed in current engineering experiments, an in-depth study has been undertaken with the objective of optimizing the distribution of the axial steady-state magnetic field, thereby enhancing the operational efficacy of the thruster. During the course of the in-depth study, it was established that the distribution and strength of the magnetic field must be rigorously controlled. Accordingly, a comprehensive optimisation study of the axial steady-state magnetic field was conducted. This study was not merely a theoretical endeavour, it was also intended to facilitate practical improvements. The research programme initially deployed the adaptive capabilities of multi-physics field simulation software. By optimizing the method of mesh division in the region of the axial steady-state magnetic field, the accuracy of the simulation calculation was markedly enhanced. Furthermore, the impact of varying coil configurations on the magnetic field distribution within the axial steady-state magnetic field was subjected to comprehensive analysis. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of the coil structure was conducted with the objective of optimizing the coil design. Through a process of repeated testing and adjustments, the objectives of optimizing the magnetic field distribution and maximising the thruster efficiency were successfully achieved. This study makes a significant contribution to the advancement of direct performance, while also providing a foundation for future developments in electromagnetic propulsion technology. It ensures that the thruster can operate with optimal efficiency and reliability. The comparison of experimental results with numerical simulations provides strong validation and a scientific theory.