Abstract: Deep space exploration and orbital transfer missions have created an urgent need for the long-term in-orbit storage of high-density, low-pressure cryogenic propellants that support in-orbit refueling. The core challenge in achieving this goal lies in the technology for storing and managing cryogenic fluids in the microgravity environment of space. This paper provides a systematic review of the research progress in in-orbit storage and management technologies for cryogenic propellants in space. It first analyzes key technical challenges such as phase separation instability, thermal stratification effects, and adaptability to complex space environments under microgravity conditions; It then provides a detailed overview of the technological landscape, research history, breakthroughs in technical routes, and current technical maturity levels, with a focus on the United States' NASA. It also compares and analyzes the technological levels and development trajectories of countries such as China, France, and Japan. Based on this analysis, the paper distills the core technological framework of this field. Looking ahead to China's future needs for deep-space exploration and reusable spacecraft development, the paper proposes key development recommendations, including overcoming challenges in deep-low-temperature efficient refrigeration, advancing multi-physical field design, and accelerating the construction of in-orbit verification platforms.