基于一体式柔性弹簧的制冷机隔振器性能研究

Performance Study of Cryocooler Vibration Isolators Based on Monolithic Flexure Springs

  • 摘要: 机械制冷机是提供空间红外载荷低温工作环境的关键设备,其运行过程中产生的振动是影响红外探测器正常工作的重要因素。为抑制制冷机振动传递,基于一体式柔性弹簧结构设计了一种被动隔振装置。以振动传递率为目标确定了系统的隔振参数,采用结构参数化有限元方法确定了隔振元件柔性弹簧的结构尺寸。实验结果表明,该装置在压缩机主频处xyz三方向均实现显著的振动抑制,压缩机轴向隔振效率达90%。

     

    Abstract: The mechanical cryocooler is a critical component for providing the low-temperature environment essential for space-based infrared payloads. The vibrations generated during its operation, primarily from compressor reciprocation, constitute a significant disturbance that can degrade infrared detector performance through image jitter and reduced pointing accuracy. To suppress vibration transmission, this paper presents a passive vibration isolation device based on a monolithic flexure spring structure. The design eliminates moving contact points, thereby avoiding friction, wear, and particulate generation—key advantages for long-duration space missions. Guided by classical vibration isolation theory, the system parameters were optimized to minimize vibration transmissibility, with the natural frequency set significantly below the compressor's fundamental excitation frequency. A parametric finite element method was employed to determine the flexure spring's structural dimensions. Critical geometric parameters, including beam thickness, length, and curvature, were defined as variables and iteratively optimized through finite element analysis. This process balanced the requirement for low stiffness—necessary for effective high-frequency isolation—against the need for sufficient mechanical strength to withstand launch and operational loads. Experimental validation was conducted using a test setup equipped with tri-axial accelerometers. Vibration levels were measured at the cryocooler mounting point and the isolated base across a frequency spectrum encompassing the compressor's fundamental frequency and its harmonics. The results demonstrate significant simultaneous vibration attenuation along all three translational axes (x, y and z). Specifically, the device achieved an axial (z-direction) vibration isolation efficiency of 90% at the compressor’s fundamental frequency, corresponding to a transmissibility of 0.1. Substantial suppression was also observed in the lateral directions. These findings validate the design methodology and confirm the device's efficacy in providing a stable mechanical environment, thereby enhancing the performance and reliability of sensitive space-based infrared detection systems.

     

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