Abstract: In this paper，the pressured air is used as the working fluid，and the numerical simulation was carried out for the energy separation effect of the vortex tube with different vortex chambers.The cooling，heating effects and the isentropic efficiency curves of the vortex tube with different structures were obtained.The research shows that：with the increase of the ratio of the cold flow，the cooling temperature difference and the entropy efficiency decrease gradually，while the thermal temperature difference increases gradually.When the cold flow ratio is about 0.28，the vortex tube has the maximum unit cooling capacity.And the vortex tube with larger vortex chamber usually has better energy separation effects.