Abstract: Helium compressor is one of the core equipment of large-scale cryogenic systems.The reliability and economy of compressor directly determine the reliability and efficiency of cryogenic system.This paper reviewed the development history of helium compressor technology in large-scale cryogenic systems,and summarizes the technical characteristics,key technologies and localization process of oil-injected helium screw compressor.The technical defects and problems of oil-injected helium screw compressor in cryogenic engineering were analyzed.The advantages,disadvantages and application scope of the measures of helium compressor without oil are compared and analyzed.A new high-efficiency centrifugal helium compressor technology is proposed,and the key technologies and their solutions in the centrifugal helium compressor technology were introduced.The efficient and reliable helium compressor technology would provide a strong technical guarantee for the stable operation of the relevant scientific apparatus.