Abstract: The moon is the preferred target for human deep space exploration.Whether there is water or not on the moon,the occurrence form and distribution of lunar water ice,and the technology of direct detection and utilization of lunar water ice are the main hot issues in lunar exploration.This paper summarizes the research progress of lunar water ice,and focuses on the theoretical prediction of lunar water ice,the water ice data detected by radar,neutron spectrometer,spec-trometer and“moon impact”scientific test in lunar exploration mission,as well as the analysis of lunar samples.The results show that there is water ice on the moon,and there is a great possibility of water ice in the permanent shadow area of polar region.The possible sources of lunar water ice are discussed,and the occurrence forms of lunar water ice are analyzed.It is considered that in-situ landing detection in permanent shadow area in the future is an effective method for direct identification of lunar water ice.